Module Name

When modules are imported, the __name__ variable is set to the name of the module. When the Python interpreter runs a module directly, the __name__ variable is set to "__main__". This allows a module designed to be imported to add a main() function that will only execute when the module is run directly.

def main():
    """Used to demonstrate and/or test module code."""
    ...

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

The dir() Function

The dir() function returns the list of names in the current local scope, or for the object, if specified.

print(dir())